Polyandry in Tibet Brothers Marrying the Same Wife

Polyandry is the name given to the cultural practice of the marriage of one woman to more than one man.  The term for polyandry where the husbands of the shared wife are brothers to each other is  fraternal polyandry or  adelphic polyandry. Polyandry in Tibet In Tibet, fraternal polyandry was accepted. Brothers would marry one woman, who left her family to join her husbands, and the children of the marriage would inherit the land. Like many cultural customs, polyandry in Tibet was compatible with specific challenges of geography. In a country where there was little tillable land, the practice of polyandry would reduce the number of heirs, because a woman has more biological limits on the number of children she can have than a man does. Thus, the land would stay within the same family, undivided. The marriage of brothers to the same woman would ensure that brothers stayed on the land together to work that land, providing for more adult male labor.  Fraternal polyandry permitted sharing of responsibilities so that one brother might focus on animal husbandry and another on the fields, for example.  The practice would also ensure that if one husband needed to travel—for instance, for trade purposes—another husband (or more) would remain with the family and land. Genealogies, population  registers,  and indirect measures have helped ethnographers to estimate the occurrence of polyandry. Melvyn C. Goldstein, professor of anthropology at Case Western University, in Natural History  (vol. 96, no. 3, March 1987, pp. 39-48), describes some details of Tibetan custom, especially polyandry. The custom occurs in many different economic classes but is especially common in peasant landowning families.  The eldest brother usually dominates the household, though all the brothers are, in theory, equal sexual partners of the shared wife, and children are considered shared. Where there is no such equality, there is sometimes conflict. Monogamy and polygyny are also practiced, he notes—polygyny (more than one wife) being practiced sometimes if the first wife is barren.  Polyandry is not a requirement but a choice of brothers. Sometimes a brother chooses to leave the polyandrous household, though any children he may have fathered to that date stay in the household.  Marriage ceremonies sometimes only include the eldest brother and sometimes all the (adult) brothers.  Where there are brothers at the time of marriage who are not of age, they may join the household later. Goldstein reports that, when he asked Tibetans why they dont simply have monogamous marriages of the brothers and share the land among heirs (rather than splitting it up as other cultures would do), the Tibetans said that there would be competition among the mothers to advance their own children. Goldstein also notes that for the men involved, given the limited farmland, the practice of polyandry is beneficial to the brothers because work and responsibility are shared, and younger brothers are more likely to have a secure standard of living.  Because Tibetans prefer not to divide the  familys land, family pressure works against a younger brother achieving success on his own. Polyandry declined, opposed by political leaders of India, Nepal, and China.  Polyandry is now against the law in Tibet, though it is occasionally still practiced. Polyandry and Population Growth Polyandry, along with widespread celibacy among Buddhist monks, served to slow population growth.   Thomas Robert Malthus  (1766  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1834), the English cleric who studied population growth, considered that the ability of a population to stay at a level proportional to the ability to feed the population was related to virtue and to human happiness. In  An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798,  Book I, Chapter XI, Of the Checks to Population in Indostan and Tibet, he documents a practice of polyandry among the Hindu  Nayrs (see below).  He  then discussed polyandry (and widespread celibacy among both men and women in monasteries) among the Tibetans.  He draws on  Turners Embassy to Tibet,  a description by Captain Samuel Turner of his journey through Bootan (Bhutan) and Tibet. Hence religious retirement is frequent,  and the number of monasteries and nunneries is considerable....  But even among the laity the business of population goes on very coldly. All the brothers of a family, without any restriction of age or of numbers, associate their fortunes with one female, who is chosen by the eldest, and considered as the mistress of the house; and whatever may be the profits of their several pursuits, the result flows into the common store. The number of husbands is not apparently defined, or restricted within any limits. It sometimes happens that in a small family there is but one male; and the number, Mr. Turner says, may seldom exceed that which a native of rank at Teshoo Loomboo pointed out to him in a family resident in the neighbourhood, in which five brothers were then living together very happily with one female under the same connubial compact. Nor is this sort of league confined to the lower ranks of people alone; it is found also frequently in the most opulent families. Polyandry Elsewhere The practice of polyandry in Tibet is perhaps the best-known and best-documented incidence of cultural polyandry. But it has been practiced in other cultures. There is a reference to the abolition of polyandry in Lagash, a Sumerian city, in about 2300 BCE. The Hindu religious epic text, the  Mahabharata, mentions a woman, Draupadi, who marries five brothers.  Draupadi was the daughter of the king of Panchala. Polyandry was practiced in a part of India close to Tibet and also in South India. Some Paharis in Northern India still practice polyandry, and fraternal polyandry has become more common in Punjab, presumably to prevent the dividing of inherited lands. As noted above, Malthus discussed polyandry among the Nayrs on the Malabar coast of South India.  The Nayrs (Nairs or Nayars) were Hindus, members of a collection of castes, who sometimes practiced either hypergamy—marrying into higher castes—or polyandry, though he is reluctant to describe this as marriage: Among the Nayrs, it is the custom for one Nayr woman to have attached to her two males, or four, or perhaps more. Goldstein, who studied Tibetan polyandry, also documented polyandry among the Pahari people, Hindu farmers living in lower sections of the Himalayas who occasionally practiced fraternal polyandry (Pahari and Tibetan Polyandry Revisited, Ethnology. 17(3): 325-327, 1978).

The Social Learning Environment And Counseling Essay

The Social Learning Environment and Counseling Learning is a general term, describing numerous processes involved in acquiring information (or knowledge), and skills gain through experience(s) with the environment or the self. Researchers have long placed emphasis on environmental factors, such as societal norms on shaping behavior. As an individual interacts with the environment, patterns of behaviors emerge as a consequence. Therefore the environment of an individual for example can be thought of as the modality in which learning occurs. Although, behaviorist attributes such learning, and patterns of behavior to underlying reinforcement mechanisms that have been empirically supported, there are other learning forces that govern learning with respects to the social environment such as social learning, which may have implications into understanding societal structures and dynamics. Social learning is sometimes referred to as observational learning, imitation learning, or vicarious learning, as learning occurs through the action of watching others, hence the term. Additionally, observational learning may lead to imitation, and thereby the mastery of a skill (learning). Social learning encompasses learning that may be active or passive respectively in certain respects, as not all behaviors observed are imitated. Certain types of behaviors such as aggression are more readily imitated by children as Bandura and Huston (1961) noted, while studying the process of identificationShow MoreRelatedGroup Counseling For Children And Adolescents1630 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Group Counseling Individuals with learning disabilities have a particularly high incidence of mental health problems and are often assigned what is known as dual diagnosis. 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Ict in Disaster Managment

Question: Discuss about the Ict in Disaster Managment. Answer: Introduction The subject of this article is ethics in ICT or information and communication technology. Ethics is one of the most important factors in professional fields irrespective of the nature of profession. Information and communication technology is the most rapid-growing segment in which the professionals are deployed for the core sector of service. This article will depict case study in respect of ethical practices in the information and communication technology(Mishra, 2015). This report is based on a Case study on Kenya about their interaction with disasters, either man-made or nature made, and the consequential role of ICT to counter those disasters. The world is facing several disasters in recent years and they are being segmented as flood, famine, displacement of human being, ethnic clashes and different other calamities which cause loss of property and life and Kenya is one of the worst victims of those occurrence(MIC, 2006). This situations drive towards the need of the disaster management in Kenya which is being spearheaded by KRCS or Kenya red Cross Authority who took the responsibility of this task. The role of ICT can never be denied in this project. Description The Case Study The considered case study for the article is ICT IN Disaster Management a case study of Kenya Red Cross Society which was being submitted in the School of Journalism, University of Nairobi by Cherotich Mungou in November 2009(Management, 2009). In this case study the effort KRCS adopted to counter the disaster had been discussed with various impacts on different fields of activities along with special emphasis put on ICT domain. Our objective is to highlight the ethical issues involved in the case related to application of CIT in disaster management taken over by the KRCS for determination of the perfect application of the same to optimise the output of the effort. ICT is being described by Powell as the instrument to get the most possible benefit with the help of latest technologies which is being available through computers, audio and video which are being explored in different ways with the single focal point of supporting the technologies which can make the best support for computers, telephones and TV are being tied up with interconnection. The role of ICT in disaster management is mainly for the post-disaster development and rehabilitation issues. The necessary information is gathered through the technology and being used with the proper analysis of historic data of happenings through different sources stored in computers or in other social media. Thus the role of ICT is being derived through proper application to understand by means of past experience to initiate proper steps to ensure responses, with the need-based rescue, recovery and evacuation actions through trained teams by sharing the information in different level of stakeholders with the objective of minimise the losses related to property and life. ICT and Disaster Management Suda (2007) has depicted the effect of disaster generates the need of development in every level of affected, be it life or property(YAP, 2011). ICT Tools for Disaster Management Wattegama (2007) had emphasized the different channels for making effective warning for upcoming disaster in a quick and accurate way so far it is possible. The role of radio and television is being acknowledged as the most useful device for this purpose for warning of disaster as they are able to send the warning message to people in fast speed. The example of Tsunami in 2004 in Indian Ocean showed that many radio producers had initiated new digital radio alert systems even when the set is switched off. The role of telephone is playing a major contribution in this aspect by sending alert to the population for the disaster. The other instruments in the forms of SMS, cell broadcasting are also useful while to send alerts to the population for the disaster(ICT, 2008). ICT and Kenya Red Cross Society The Kenya Red Cross Society is playing a major role in disaster management with the help of introduction of proper ICT to alert the population to combat the disaster. The basic investment in the sector by KRCS had been made to install networking at the head quarters, regional and branch offices all over the country for better way of communicating between the offices(Daniel, 2013). Ethical Issues Related to ICT The ethical issues as highlighted by Mugenda and Mugenda (1999) had been considered in the case study related to ICT which are being given below:- Plagiarism and fraud- the author of the case study had not used any information from any other previous writer without making any proper acknowledgement to him. Moreover any fake data had been used for this case study to structure the methodology and findings(Wattegama, 2008). Voluntary participation- The author had asked for voluntary participation by the KRCS personnel for getting the information, the answers from the stakeholders for interview and the questionnaire set for this study. Preservation of information- The author had not made the information public, instead kept it private to ensure that the information suppliers should not feel humiliated with the information passed on to him to make the image of KRCS intact. The confidentiality of the information had been ensured with the assurance that the information will be used for academic purpose and not for other purposes(Manavalan, Mohanram, Ramakrishnan, 2010). Analysis and reporting- The case study had projected the merits and demerits of in the specified report along with highlighting the technical shortcomings and failures of the case study to make the reader understand while evaluating the work. Anonymity and privacy- During the course of this case study, the researcher had ensured that the respondents should have their information well secured by not publicising the name of them. The contributors of this study thus kept safe individually with their names being treated as private and confidential(Halder, 2016). with the above discussion on ethical issues related to the specified case study of Disaster Management , the ethical issues related to ICT is being emphasized which the professional of the core segment of ICT should follow. The main ethical issue is to ensure the safety and security of the personnel who supplied information for the case study(Cooper, Yeager, Burkle, Subbarao, 2015). Moreover the bad habits of plagiarism and fake information sharing are to be strictly avoided to prove the authenticity of ICT related performing areas. The areas of reporting should be maintained in such a way that the case study should reveal the positive and negative side of the study with further scope of improvement in the segment of the study. Conclusion The case study on disaster management in Kenya by the researcher, Cherotich Mungou had emphasized on the different aspects of the matter with the proper revelation for proper and timely impact for warning and the subsequent steps with the help of perfect participation by KRCS officials. The ethical issues on ICT are important in this aspect as the case study will help people for future steps to be taken to combat disaster to save life and property. It is mostly found that unethical practices may lead to misguiding people, and thus the ethical practices of ICT professionals should be treated as first and foremost area to ensure perfection and honesty of the said domain. References: Cooper, G. P., Yeager, V., Burkle, F. M., Subbarao, I. (2015, June 29). Twitter as a Potential Disaster Risk Reduction Tool. Part I: Introduction, Terminology, Research and Operational Applications. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from NCMI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494697/ Daniel, K. (2013). An Assessment of Ethical Issues in Social and Science Research; https://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijpbs.20130302.01.html. Halder, B. (2016). Privacy Security Data Protection in Crowdsourcing Platforms: Issues and Recommendationshttps://www.weeklyscience.org/UploadedArticle/248.pdf. International Research Journal , 03 (48), 1-15. ICT. (2008, October 09). ICTs in Disaster Management. Retrieved 31 August, 2016, from Worldbank: siteresources.worldbank.org/Extedevelopment.../1ChanukaWattegamaOct8.ppt Management, I. i. (2009, November 09). A Case Study of Kenya Red Cross Society. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from uonbi: https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/96437/Mung%E2%80%99ou%20_ICT%20In%20Disaster%20Management%20A%20Case%20Study%20Of%20Kenya%20Red%20Cross%20Society.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y Manavalan, R., Mohanram, N., Ramakrishnan, S. (2010). Thematic Session of Role if act in Disaster Management; https://nidm.gov.in/idmc/IDMC_Abstract/F-ICT%20in%20Disaster%20Management.pdf . Delhi. MIC. (2006). National Information Communications Technology (ICT) Policy. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from share4dev: https://www.share4dev.info/telecentreskb/documents/2651.pdf Mishra, M. (2015). Ethical, Legal and Social aspects of Information and Communication Technology; https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1507/1507.08447.pdf. Balasore: FM University. Wattegama, C. (2008, October 09). Disaster Management:Role of ICTs. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from siteresources: siteresources.worldbank.org/Extedevelopment/.../1ChanukaWattegamaOct8.ppt YAP, N. T. (2011). Disaster Management, Developing Country Communities Climate Change: The Role of ICTs. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from NICCD: https://www.niccd.org/sites/default/files/YapDisasterManagementDevelopmentICTs.pdf

The Effect Of Highspeed Trains On Society Essay Example For Students

The Effect Of Highspeed Trains On Society Essay A major reason in favor of the construction of high-speed trains in America is to relieve airways and traffic congestion. First, delays at airports are costly. Larry Johnson, director of the Center for transportation Research at Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, calculates that passengers lose more that twelve million hours each year in delays at O’Hare airport alone. In 1986, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airlines, delays cost five billion dollars, including two billion in extra fuel and labor cost, for the ailing airline industry. According to the FAA, relieving airport congestion will cost one hundred and seventeen billion over the next decade (Mobey 14). Transportation planners predict that freeways will suffer from unbearable gridlock over the next two decades. Their conventional wisdom maintains that the U.S. cannot build out of this congestion. The Southern California Association of Governments says that daily commute time, in the Los An geles area will double by two thousand and twenty and â€Å"unbearable† present conditions on the freeways will become â€Å"even worse†. By two thousand and twenty, drives are expected to spend Seve nty percent of their time in stop-and-go traffic, as compared to fifty six percent today. Similar predictions have been made for metro areas around the country. Yet the best alternatives that they can offer are to spend billions more on public transport that hardly anyone will use and to try to force people into carpools that do not fit the ways they actually live and work (Samuel p 1). Highway traffic is also costly. Maintaining the interstate highway system could run three trillion dollars over the next several decades (Moberg 14). Urban congestion is a hidden tax on the productivity and welfare of urban areas everywhere. In areas like Los Angeles and New York, this tax is eight billion dollars per year; nationally, about fifty six billion per year. In the next twenty ye ars, this insidious tax is projected to nearly double (Mallinckarodt p1). Bill Fay said,† Cars stuck in traffic waste more fuel and emit more pollutants than cars that are moving†(Dahl 4). High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are one of the primary tools used to reduce traffic congestion on the state highway system and improve air quality (â€Å"HOV Lanes in California †¦Ã¢â‚¬  p1). The usual goal of HOV lane restrictions is to provide overall congestion, and emissions reduction (Mallinckdet. p 1). However, in recent years, HOV lanes effectiveness in achieving these goals has come in to question (â€Å"HOV Lanes in California †¦Ã¢â‚¬  p1). When drivers use a highway, they do not pay the cost that they may be imposing on other drivers. Ideally, traffic should flow smoothly at the speed limit. However, as traffic increases, eventually the addition of one more vehicle will slow the flow and increase the travel time of other vehicles. At this point congestion (th e negative externality) begins (Dahl p4). Sen Daniel Patrick Moynihan said,† The train technology, offers great opportunities to reduce congestion in our surface and air transportation system† (Clough 9). Thus building high-speed trains would aid the problem of increasing congestion at America’s airports and on the highways. We will write a custom essay on The Effect Of Highspeed Trains On Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Those who argue against high-speed trains cite their negative effects to the environment. Environmental concerns have been raised with respect to high-speed rail. High-speed rail’s ability to materially reduce air pollution and energy consumption is dependent upon significantly reducing automobile and airline use ( Dahl p2). The FDOT’s (Florida Department of Transportation) projections, anticipate so few people transferring from autos and air that any air pollution or energy gain would be inconsequential. Further, construction of major infrastructure projects consumes energy. It has been estimated that San Francisco’s BART rapid transit system consumed more energy in construction than the future diversion from automobiles would save (Dahl p4). Burning fossil fuels, a process that expends approximately two times as much energy as it produces, generates most Florida electric power. Electric propulsion thus loses some of its advantage over fossil fuel propulsion (Jo hnson 2). Additionally French Champagne growers claim that high-speed rail embankments trap cold air, threatening their crops. A similar effect in Florida could make preservation of adjacent citrus crops more challenging (Dahl 1). However, students are now being educated on

how things happen and reoccur in history1 essays

how things happen and reoccur in history1 essays The colonies of the late 1600s and the early 1700s were formed because in England many people were being persecuted because of their religious beliefs. So to get away from the persecution, the people of England wanted to go to a place where everything seemed perfect( because thats what the advertising for America was saying). Where they wouldnt be forced to do or not do(religious celebrations) they didnt want to. So they came to America and settled in the colonies. The Native Americans who had already been there were curious and scared of these new people coming in there land. So at first they didnt know what to do. The Indians being the great people they were helped the colonist out in the new land. They showed them easier and more efficient ways of getting things done. Plus the colonist had indentured slaves so they hardly had to work, it was mostly the Indians. this helped the inexperienced colonists out, making their adjustment to the new world simpler. Basically the co lonist had it made. They asked questions and the Indians answered them. So the better things got the more people came over. So the Indians being the huge help, were inviting them over. So they were thanked by being exiled out. So the colonies began to grow and more colonies started to form. Meaning more an more space was beginning to disappear in the mass ship loads of people coming over. More and more people, less and less land and the original landowners( the Native Americans), were losing their property fast. So eventually they were pushed out into the west until now, there are only a few tribes left. Being the Situation, the social reason is they are losing out of, or lost, the Native Americans cultures and customs, and that would be a major loss. America today was known as a melting pot because we carry so many cultures and customs and mix them together , Would it be right to push one ou ...

Rasmussen Surname Meaning and Family History

Rasmussen Surname Meaning and Family History Rasmussen is a patronymic surname meaning son of Rasmus, a Scandinavian form of the personal name Erasmus. Erasmus derives from the Greek ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€šÃ‚  (erasmios) which means beloved.   Spellings of Rasmussen that end in -sen are most likely Danish or Norwegian in origin, while those that end in -son could be Swedish, Dutch, North German, or Norwegian. Rasmussen is the 9th most popular surname in Denmark  and the 41st most common last name in Norway. Surname Origin:  Danish, Norwegian, North German, Dutch Alternate Surname Spellings: RASMUSEN, RASMUSON, RASMUSSON, RASMUS   Famous People with the Surname RASMUSSEN: Saint Erasmus (Saint Elmo) - 4th-century martyr and patron saint of sailors.Theodore Rasmussen - Canadian neurosurgeon and scientist who gave his name to the rare disease, Rasmussens encephalitis.  Knud Rasmussen - Greenlandic anthropologist and polar explorer; the first European to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sledScott Rasmussen - co-founder of the sports television network ESPNLars and Jens Rasmussen - brothers and creators of Google Maps Where is the RASMUSSEN Surname Most Common? Considering its Scandinavian origins, its not surprising that Rasmussen is most prevalent today in Denmark, where it ranks as the 8th most common surname in the country. Surname distribution data from Forebears also identifies the surnames popularity in Norway, where it ranks 41st, as well as the Faroe Islands (12th) and Greenland (10th). WorldNames PublicProfiler also indicates that Rasmussen is by far most commonly used by people living in Denmark. Norway comes in a distant second. Within Denmark, the surname is found most frequently in Fyn and Stà ¸rstrom, followed by Aarhus, Vestsjà ¦lland, Vejle, Roskilde, Frederiksborg, Kà ¸benhavn, Bornholm and Staden Kà ¸benhavn. Genealogy Resources for the Surname RASMUSSEN Rasmussen Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Rasmussen family crest or coat of arms for the Rasmussen surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Rasmussen DNA Project: Rasmussen is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning that your DNA matches will not necessarily (or likely) even be people named Rasmussen. This project will help you determine which Scandinavian and/or haplogroup projects are best to join for research into your Rasmussen heritage.RASMUSSEN Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Rasmussen  ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Rasmussen ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.  FamilySearch - RASMUSSEN  Genealogy: Explore over 1.5  million  results from di gitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Rasmussen surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RASMUSSEN Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Rasmussen surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.GeneaNet - Rasmussen Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Rasmussen surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Rasmussen Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Rasmussen surname from the website of Genealogy Today.Ancestry.com: Rasmussen Surname: Explore over 1.4  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Rasmussen surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com.

Coursework on HgbA1C control diabetes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On HgbA1C control diabetes - Coursework Example The infrequent laboratory blood glucose may be the most common use of these tools If the value of HbA1c is adequate, clinicians rely on the therapy without much questioning. The most authentic assays of HbA1c are those performed in a high quality clinical laboratory, one standardized to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) The intake of food which contains a relatively high level of glucose results into increase glucose concentration in the blood. The level of HbA1c increases. In this way, the chances of catching diabetes increases. Diabetic patients get enveloped in major diseases which include heart attack, blockage in vein, and many other micro-vascular diseases. A person without diabetes will have a haemoglobin A1c test of around 5%. The A1c level should be less than 7% in a health human. Level above 8% is dangerous and needs to be medicated. The HbA1c has some targets which need to be met in order to decide whether the person has a high or low level of glucose concentration in the blood. The targets as are follow; People are recommended to measure their glucose level constantly. This test involves a small volume of blood and can be performed at home or in a doctor’s office. The sample of blood tested is taken to lab which is later presented to the doctor. Home testing is also done easily though a few professionals consider it less accurate. However, home testing is inexpensive so is widely common. (Gilles,

Swimming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swimming - Essay Example In addition, a literature review allows for the experience of swimming to be further examined and then related back to the interviews in order to provide more context for the act of swimming laps. Introduction and Literature Review The sport of swimming is defined by the luxury of water as it creates sensations of pleasure through the defined experiences of the physical exertion of swimming. In addition, there is a social component as public swimming areas provide a temporary, but somewhat closed system of society in which a natural hierarchy is experienced. The following literature review provides context for the exploration of the topic of pleasure as it relates to the event of swimming through primary research that has been done from interviews with two female swimmers who participate in the event of swimming on a regular basis. The discovery of pleasure centers in the brain give some meaning to the experience of pleasure as it is felt within biological creatures. Pleasure and sen sation are not the same thing because pleasure is a definition of a type of sensation. The philosophy of pleasure is tied to the physiology of sensation, but sensation is not always required for pleasure. Puccetti (1969) conducted experiments trying to define the pleasure centers and concluded that pleasure was within the brain and could be located. Despite the fact that he also found the center of punishment, and that a monkey would deteriorate quickly if the punishment center was stimulated repeated over the course of hours, indicates that there is more to punishment and pleasure through physical understanding of the event than can be found in philosophical discourse. Without the development of a way to understand how and why something creates pleasure, the idea that a physical component is involved is almost moot. Pleasure is a discourse as much as an experience (Puccetti 1969). It is the framing of ideas that result in something that extends into the social and cultural experien ce. For the purposes of this study, understanding that the physiological concept of pleasure is less important than the philosophical informed the research on the meaning of the experience over the sensation. The researcher could discern the difference between understanding why it create a feeling in contrast to what is involved in creating the sensation of pleasure in reference to the event. According to Busch (2007), the Hudson River is a place of deep history. In the late 1990s a team of scientists decided to create a sonar map of the river bed floor in order to investigate data relevant to marine life habitation. However, what they discovered was more than 200 wrecks that catalogued centuries of history from the time of the American Revolution, through the subsequent river tragedies. In addition, a 3000 year old wall that had been built at a time when the river was at a lower level was also found. In placing oneself into the water, leaving one’s own DNA trailing behind as one cuts a path through the water, a connection is made to the past and to the future. Each side of the river can be defined through space and time. The bank that one leaves is gone as the body moves through the water, reaching and striving for the other side in order to make a statement that

Going Green Essay Example for Free

Going Green Essay Our environment is getting worse day by day. It’s getting harder and harder for our families to stay healthy with all the bad things we are around every day. We are affected by our environment, and more people are getting sicker and sicker. This could affect our families and our future one day. The government has been making solutions to solve this problem in the environment. Going â€Å"green† is budding into a national phenomenon, where clothing shops are bagging your organic t-shirts into biodegradable shopping bags. This becomes effective in various provinces in the Philippines. One example is the Tagaytay City. They are now against the use of plastics. Since the environment has been polluted due to the continuous burning of non-biodegradable materials, the use of plastics has been avoided. They have produced eco-bags that will be used by the consumers instead of the ordinary plastic bags used during the previous times. This rule has been implemented in different places and soon, the country will really be â€Å"NO TO PLASTIC!† With that, we can really say that it’s more fun in the Philippines! There can be a solution in helping our environment become better. We can all save the Mother Earth. If we reach out to people who dont care about our environment, we could change their point of view of things. We could tell them how bad things are in our world and that could change what their prospective on things. Let us discipline them. Let us be participative as the world goes green. Read more:  Essay About Tourism in the Philippines

Buddhism - Religion or Philosophy ? :: essays research papers

Buddhism - Religion or Philosophy ? The Buddha's Words on Kindness This is what should be done Be the one who is skilled in goodness,And who knows the path of peace:Let them be able and upright,Straightforward and gentle in speech.Humble and not conceited,Contented and easily satisfied.Unburned with duties and frugal in their ways.Peaceful and calm, and wise and skillful, Not proud and demanding in nature. Let them not do the slightest thing That the wise would later reprove. Wishing: In gladness and in safety, May all beings be at ease. Whatever living beings there may be; Whether they are weak or strong, omitting none, The great or the mighty, medium, short or small,The seen and the unseen, Those living near and far away, Those born and to-be-born, May all beings be at ease!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let none deceive another, Or despise any being in any state. Let none through anger or ill-will Wish harm upon another. Even as a mother protects with her life Her child, her only child, So with a boundless heart Should one cherish all living beings: Radiating kindness over the entire world Spreading upwards to the skies, And downwards to the depths; Outward and unbounded, Freed from hatred and ill-will. Whether standing or walking, seated or lying down Free from drowsiness, One should sustain this recollection. This is said to be the sublime abiding. By not holding to fixed views, he pure-hearted one, having clarity of vision, Being freed from all sense desires, Is not born again into this world. Coexist with any other religion Buddhism is probably the most tolerant religion of the world, as the teaching can coexist with any other religion. Other religions however, aim to be exclusive and cannot accommodate Buddhism at the same time. The Buddhist teaching on God - in the sense of an ultimate Reality - is neither agnostic (as is sometimes claimed), nor vague, but clear and logical. Whatever Reality may be, it is beyond the conception of the finite intellect, as it follows that attempts at description are misleading, unprofitable, and a waste of time. For these good reasons the Buddha maintained about Reality a noble silence. If there is a Causeless Cause of all Causes, an Ultimate Reality, a Boundless Light, an Eternal Noumenon behind phenomena, it must clearly be infinite, unlimited, unconditioned and without attributes. It follows that we can neither define, describe, nor usefully discuss the nature of THAT which is beyond the comprehension of our finite consciousness. Buddhism - Religion or Philosophy ? :: essays research papers Buddhism - Religion or Philosophy ? The Buddha's Words on Kindness This is what should be done Be the one who is skilled in goodness,And who knows the path of peace:Let them be able and upright,Straightforward and gentle in speech.Humble and not conceited,Contented and easily satisfied.Unburned with duties and frugal in their ways.Peaceful and calm, and wise and skillful, Not proud and demanding in nature. Let them not do the slightest thing That the wise would later reprove. Wishing: In gladness and in safety, May all beings be at ease. Whatever living beings there may be; Whether they are weak or strong, omitting none, The great or the mighty, medium, short or small,The seen and the unseen, Those living near and far away, Those born and to-be-born, May all beings be at ease!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let none deceive another, Or despise any being in any state. Let none through anger or ill-will Wish harm upon another. Even as a mother protects with her life Her child, her only child, So with a boundless heart Should one cherish all living beings: Radiating kindness over the entire world Spreading upwards to the skies, And downwards to the depths; Outward and unbounded, Freed from hatred and ill-will. Whether standing or walking, seated or lying down Free from drowsiness, One should sustain this recollection. This is said to be the sublime abiding. By not holding to fixed views, he pure-hearted one, having clarity of vision, Being freed from all sense desires, Is not born again into this world. Coexist with any other religion Buddhism is probably the most tolerant religion of the world, as the teaching can coexist with any other religion. Other religions however, aim to be exclusive and cannot accommodate Buddhism at the same time. The Buddhist teaching on God - in the sense of an ultimate Reality - is neither agnostic (as is sometimes claimed), nor vague, but clear and logical. Whatever Reality may be, it is beyond the conception of the finite intellect, as it follows that attempts at description are misleading, unprofitable, and a waste of time. For these good reasons the Buddha maintained about Reality a noble silence. If there is a Causeless Cause of all Causes, an Ultimate Reality, a Boundless Light, an Eternal Noumenon behind phenomena, it must clearly be infinite, unlimited, unconditioned and without attributes. It follows that we can neither define, describe, nor usefully discuss the nature of THAT which is beyond the comprehension of our finite consciousness.

Private Detectives and Investigators

By the time I am grown and have a family, I want to be a Private Detective and Investigator. This is something that I’ve wanted to do since I was a kid. I know it will be hard, but it is my dream job. Private detectives and investigators assist many people and businesses by finding and analyzing valuable information. They connect clues to revel facts about personal matters. The assistance of a private detective and investigator can include being a celebrity protector, or finding evidence including preemployment verification and individual background profiles.Some investigators compute crimes and provide assistance in criminal and civil liability cases. They are sometimes hired to investigate individuals. Most detectives and investigators are hired to perform physical surveillance. They may also search people’s homes, locations, and cars. Private detectives and investigators could earn up to $41,000 to $60,000 in a month. The amount made depends on the employer, their sp ecialty, and the area that they work at. The lowest a private detective and investigator can make in a month is $23,000 and the highest that can be made is $76,000 depending on the area.There are no formal education requirements for most private detectives and investigators. Many companies require a postsecondary degree. College courses in criminal justice and police science are suggested and helpful. Although some companies require related experience, some people start working as soon as they graduate from college. An associate’s degree or bachelor degree in criminal justice, police science, and police investigations is required. Most of the work that private detectives and investigators do is learned on the job.New investigators will usually start by learning how to use databases to gather information. The training that is received depends on the agency. Because detectives and investigators work with changing technologies, some of them never stop training. They learn the la test methods of many tasks by attending conferences and courses offered by different professional associations. Most states require detectives and investigators to be licensed. In the states that do not require them to be licensed have strict requirements and regulations.Some detectives and investigators receive a certificate to show that they completed a certain field. To receive this award, employees must have five years of investigation experience. They must satisfy the educational requirements and continuing-training requirements. They must also pass written and oral exams. Most private detective agencies are small, so there is little room for advancement. Usually, there are no defined ranks or steps, so advancements include a raise in salary and assignment status.Many detectives and investigators start their own agencies after gaining experience and receiving many advancements. Some detectives and investigators may be raised to supervisor or manager of the security or investiga tions department. Private detectives and investigators held about 500 jobs in 2008 in Memphis, TN. About 21 percent were self employed, which means they used being a detective as a second job. In the Memphis area, around 41 percent of detective and investigator jobs were in investigation and security services, which included private detective agencies.The rest of the employees in Memphis, TN worked mostly in State and local government, legal services firms, department or general merchandise stores, employment services companies, insurance agencies, and banks. A lot of competition is expected for most jobs like this because private detectives and investigators careers attract many qualified people. Most of the qualified people include many young people who have retired from law enforcement and military careers. The best opportunities for new job seekers will be in entry-level jobs in detective agencies. There will be a lot of opportunities for certain types of detectives and investig ators.

Osmosis Reprot

OSMOSIS REPROT Introduction: Osmosis is the result of diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane. If two solutions of different concentration are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, then the solvent will tend to diffuse across the membrane from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution. This process is called osmosis. This leads me to my question, how do different concentrations of sucrose affect the rate of osmosis? My hypothesis is if sucrose concentration increases in the selectively-permeable baggies then, the rate of osmosis will also increase. Materials and Method: To conduct this experiment the materials needed are 3 different concentrated sucrose solutions, . 25 M, . 5 M, . 75 M. It will also require 4 beakers containing water from the sink. 4 pieces of dialysis tubing along with 8 pieces of string. An electronic balance to weigh the solutions. Makers and labeling type to label the different solutions. Paper towels needed to dry off any excess water. This experiment should be conducted in a group of 3. Step 1. Fill four separate beakers three-fourths full with deionized water. Step 2. Label the beakers to identify each different sucrose concentration later on. Step 3. Fill up the four baggies each with a different sucrose concentration, and the final bag fill up with deionized water. Step 4. Tie the bags with the string and rinse off each bag with di-H20 to wash away any spilt sugar. Step 5. Weigh the solutions to determine the bag weight and then wait 35 minutes and repeat the weigh-in to get the final weight of the solutions. Results: The initial weight gain was figured by weighing the baggie with the Sucrose solution before putting it into the beaker with the deionized water, and after the baggies were in the beaker of deionized water for 35 minutes, then the baggies were weighed again. After the initial weight and the final weight was done, the final weight was divided by the initial weight and multiplied by 100 to get percentage of initial weight gain. Sucrose Concentration (M)| Group 1| Group 2| Group 3| Group 4| Group 5| Group 6| Group Avg| 0| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| . 25| 104| 106| 108| 102| 106| 108| 105. 6667| 0. 5| 110| 107| 112| 113| 110| 112| 110. 3733| 0. 75| 115| 99| 122| 120| 121| 119| 116| This is the table of the class raw data in % of initial weight gain. Discussion: The hypothesis that I made earlier if sucrose concentration increases in the selectively permeable baggies, then osmosis would increase with it, was validated by this experiment. Different concentrations of sucrose changed the rate of osmosis. The final weight prove to be a significant gain. The line graph shows the greater the concentration of sucrose in the solution, the greater the weight gain. The weight gain also increases directly with the increase of sucrose in the solution which demonstrates osmosis. Even though my hypothesis was proven correct, there could have been a few lab errors that might of threw the initial and final weight gain off by an insignificant number. The baggies may not have been filled up exactly half way and things of that nature. In any case, the experiment proved a success as we got to see osmosis taking place and results that occur from diffusion.

Essay on Notes for TOK PRESENTATION

Essay on Notes for TOK PRESENTATION Essay on Notes for TOK PRESENTATION Real Life Situation A Muslim woman expected to enter an arranged marriage in Phoenix was raped, beaten and sexually assaulted by her groom-to-be after she refused to marry the man Conflict The report said that the families agreed on a "Nikah," a formal Islamic marriage. A’idah,who had no desire to be with Abdullahi, the man she was being set up with, ran away but returned about 15 days later to finish school. One neighbor said that she saw the woman shaking and crying as she was dragged onto the sidewalk. She said she would have called police if she was aware of the situation. Once in the apartment, police reportedly said Abdullahi placed a mattress in front of the door to prevent A’idah from leaving. Abdullahi managed to send a message to her friend from her tablet saying she was safe because her friend was texting her repeatedly and was getting no response and was extremely worried. Leading up to the arranged marriage A’idah’s father was up at night on arranged-marriage Websites and the result came to A’idah receiving strange e-mails from boys and going to random dates with strangers. A’idah says â€Å"getting random notifications from men has become so much a part of my dating life that I’ve lost sight of how bizarre it once seemed.† Abdullahi was just a random boy that A’idahs parents chose for her because his profile online seemed impressive and he had a well-paid job. A’idahs parents were struggling financially and their main priority was to look for someone that could support A’idah and eventually her family. What caused A’idahs parents to arrange her marriage A’idah’ parents have had a long, healthy marriage and are confident that their happiness will pass down from generation to generation. A’idahs mother said â€Å"Our prospective husbands have to be rich and socially conscious, hip but down-to-earth,† but this is defiantly not the case for A’idah. How A’idah is dealing with the conflict A’idah tried speaking to her father about her feelings and how she really did not want to marry this man but her father would not accept this idea because it would go against their â€Å"family tradition.† A’idah told her father that she wanted to go to college, however her father was completely against this as she was expected to start having children and tending to her husband's needs. This caused all of her life options and opportunities to be removed from her by her father. Continuation†¦ As it can be seen, love and emotion do not come into play and this makes it extremely difficult to leave the marriage. A’idah was being sexually abused and assaulted by the man she was forced to be with. A’idah showed many forms of resistance, as she would often stay at her friends house to avoid both her parents and the man she was being forced to marry. The abuse and violent threats from Abdullahi not only caused her to live in complete fear, however it also caused her to eventually take her own life Knowledge Question From reading several examples of arranged marriages I believe that indigenous knowledge systems conflict with the contemporary needs of women Claim Arranged marriages are the preferred choice of Islamic youth Islamic Rulings say that if a woman is married off without her parents consent, then the marriage contract is invalid, because it was not validated by the parents. Arranged marriages are the cultural norms for many Muslims across the world. Muslims do not â€Å"date† in the popular Western cultural sense, and many couples look to arranged marriages as a means to wedded bliss. Their expectation is that the seed for love is planted and will continue to bloom after the marriage. Indigenous Knowledge Relating this back to the knowledge question the indigenous knowledge that A’idah’s parents had was passed down from generation to generation. The notion that A’idahs parents arranged marriage was successful caused her parents to be confident A’idah’s marriage would be just as great and that they

Microtubules Definition and Examples

Microtubules Definition and Examples Microtubules are fibrous, hollow rods that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. They also function as routes along which organelles can move throughout the cytoplasm. Microtubules are typically found in all eukaryotic cells and are a component of the cytoskeleton, as well as cilia and flagella. Microtubules are composed of the protein tubulin. Cell Movement Microtubules play a huge role in movement within a cell. They form the spindle fibers that manipulate and separate chromosomes during the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. Examples of microtubule fibers that assist in cell division include polar fibers and kinetochore fibers. Animal Cell Microtubules Microtubules also form cell structures called centrioles and asters. Both of these structures are found in animal cells, but not plant cells. Centrioles are composed of groupings of microtubules arranged in a 9 3 pattern. Asters are star-shaped microtubule structures that form around each pair of centrioles during cell division. Centrioles and asters help to organize the assembly of spindle fibers that move chromosomes during cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell gets the correct number of chromosomes after mitosis or meiosis. Centrioles also compose cilia and flagella, which allow for cell movement, as demonstrated in  sperm cells and cells that line the lungs and female reproductive tract. Cell movement is accomplished by the dis-assembly and re-assembly of actin filaments and microtubules. Actin filaments, or microfilaments, are solid rod fibers which are a component of the cytoskeleton. Motor proteins, such as myosin, move along actin filaments and cause cytoskeleton fibers to slide alongside one another. This action between microtubules and proteins produces cell movement.

Market Data and Pay Grades and their Structures Essay

Market Data and Pay Grades and their Structures - Essay Example The desserts and pastries offered include pies, cakes, donuts, cupcakes, and many other treats. To differentiate our service, we offer personalization to include names, phrases, or exact matched colors. With this service, we are providing high quality personalized sweets and treats to our customers. Compensation Needs Direct compensation will be based on education and experience for each position. Thus, each position will receive different levels of direct compensation based on their job description. Directors, supervisors, and the human resources department will all be salary based. For indirect compensation, each will be offered medical, dental, and vision insurance and a 401k retirement plan. Other indirect compensation will include holidays, vacation, sick, and paid time off. To ensure employee morale remains high, merit pay increases offered based on work performance and incentives offered based on company performance. HR Mission Simple Sweet Six Corporation is dedicated to the provision of the highest quality of services to its clients while treating each person with value, friendliness, company pride, and a sense of warmth. To our employees: SSS is committed to providing its staff with equal opportunities for learning and personal growth in a working environment that is stable and favorable to all. We will provide quality services and support in employment, training and development, employee relations, benefits, compensation, and safety to all employees. This will help to better serve our clients. Lastly, the firm will treat each employee with respect, equity, and value within the organization. Job Profiles and Market Data and Analysis Human Resource Manager The human resource manager in Simply Sweet Six is responsible for managing the most important resources of the organization. The manager provides consistent, proactive and practical assistance to employees in addition to provision of advice and direction. The manager reports to the director while his /her services are to all managers in other departments on HR policies within the firm. Due to the requirements of the position, the HR manager is responsible for hiring and recruitment of employees in the organization. He/she also organizes employee training and designs a compensation systems for employees together with other management team members of the company. The employees’ database is developed and maintained by the HR manager. Specific responsibilities of the manager are as outlined in the next section. To define the strategy for learning and recruitment of employees in the organization, set high measures, principles, and provision of solution to HR issues facing the firm. Throughout his/her duties, the HR manager will provide pragmatic and consistent guidance to employees and giving them advices on resolution of conflicts, attendance and issues related to employee performance. The HR manger should identify practical solutions to practical and complex issues related t o the management of human resources to the management of the SSS. The HR manager will compile and manage HR documentation for use by other managers. Moreover, he/she would brief other managers on HR policies adopted by the organization especially in relation to establishment of a winning team to solve complex issues within the firm. The HR manager liaises with the recruitment team in the organization in order to harmonize compensation issues related to each job category. In addition, he/she prepares the payroll data for

English as an Academic Language in UAE Research Paper

English as an Academic Language in UAE - Research Paper Example ELT professionalism evolved on the basis of diverse sources. One such source was the development of educational programs focusing on adult foreign language learning throughout the European countries and UAE. Another valuable source in the development of ELT was the exponential growth of anthropological and structural linguistics in the United States of America. Moreover, the influence of anthropological and structural linguistics development has not only been limited to the territorial boundaries of the United States but has also permeated and influenced the educational system of United Arab Emirates. The third most important source in the development of ELT professionalism was the education in British colonial states. An important aspect of ELT development in colonial states was: first, the development was a perfect reflection of the events that happened in the metropolis, and second, it simply failed to address the cultural, political and social educational needs of the inhabitants of the vast British Empire. Thus, the colonized people were more or less treated as puppets loyal to the British officials. However, certain factors posed obstacles in the development of ELT professionalism. One such factor was the development of other European languages such as French. (Wodak, R., & Corson, D.1997).

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing Essay

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing research(implications, advantages & disadvantages) - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market   research   is   a   systematic,   objective   collection   and   analysis   of   data   about   a   particular   target   market,   competition,   and/or   environment.   This   type   of   research   must   always   have   some   form   of   data   collection,   whether   it   be   secondary   research   or   primary   research,   which   is   collected   direct   from   a   respondent.   There   are   two   types   of   research:   quantitative   and   qualitative.   Quantitative   research   involves   numbers.   An   example,   a   fast   food   chain   might   ask   customers   to   rate   the   service   as   excellent,   good,   poor   or   very   poor.   Qualitative   research   tries   to   understand   how   or   why   things   are   the   way   they    are.   The   research   involves   more   Ã‚  face-to-face   contact.   An   example,   a   research   might   ask   a   consumers   why   they   have   decided   to   buy   a   certain   type   of   soft   drink.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   Internet   has   changed   how   marketing   research   has   changed   internationally.   Why,   percentage   wise,   half   the   homes   in   the   United   States   have   computers.   This   movement   came   about   for   four   reasons:   the   prices   of   personal   computers   are   decreasing,   current   home   connections,   slow,   but   are   now   becoming   more   rapid,   companies   are   spending   large   amounts   of   money   on   small   internet- only   computers,   and   the   introduction   of   web   television.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All   these   factors   have,   and   will   continue   to   increase   the   number   of   people   with   access   to   the   internet.   What   will   also   increase   is   the   potential   to   gather   information   from   consumers,   access   secondary   data   sources,   advertise   and   sell   products.   This   is  

Does The Media Influence The Way People Think?

Does The Media Influence The Way People Think? It is the responsibility of intellectuals to speak the truth and expose lies (Chomsky, 2008). In what way does information transmitted by the media influence the way people think? How we relate our values, attitude and beliefs about the world and others (Stuart, 2005). Fox News and the BBC are all well known examples of broadcast journalism (Hackett, 1999) and have been the focus of this research. The media plays a fundamental role in shaping societies opinions about significant issues (Asmal, 2008), the aftermath of 9/11 and 7/7 bombings medias impact still resonates throughout the world today, especially its impact on those who follow the Islamic faith. This paper highlights responses to media representations of Muslims and Islam in general. The main areas of interest for this piece of work will be the psychological explanations the current perceptions of Islam and its link to the media and whether factors such as religious background, gender and critical thinking skills have an ef fect on those for attitudes formed through the media. News Media Broadcasts Impact and Bias Broadcast journalism is a term that refers to news media in which information and current events are presented through electronic media, primarily through television news programs (disserbookblue). Media broadcasts such as these are responsible for the way news is gathered and transmitted, which is also relevant in political processes (Stuart, 2005).They tend to be a persuasive source of information, in the sense that it primarily has the potential to control to some extent the minds of the viewers, which in this case is the ultimate aim in exercise of power, usually indirect. Whilst the control of intentions, opinions, beliefs or knowledge acquired are that news can and ought to be a balanced objective reflection of social reality; the political attitudes of journalist or editorial decision makers are a major determinant of the news bias (Hackett, 1999). Chompsky,1987, felt that whilst it is the intended purpose to empower the public to voice their opinion and control the government this is not how it is always used. Instead he presumes that the American media industry consists of myth makes that shape and restrict information which move the public to apathy and detachment and as a consequence allow the elite to run the country as they please. Chomsky felt that values such as democracy and freedom must be mobilized to protect are but they are instead threatened by the unregulated control of those who own the media. (Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2009). Nevertheless media ownership is a very significant factor to keep in mind when considering media bias (Besley Prat 2004, Djankovet al. 2003). In the context of news, media bias is very well documented, a popular example that has been referred to very often is; American news broadcast channel Fox News. Findings from previous research such as . have found drastically different assertions from the war on terror and Islamic representation to recent political process in regard to Americas presidential campaign (Vigna and Kaplan, 2005). I challenge anybody to show me an example of bias in Fox News Channel.Rupert Murdoch (Salon, 3/1/01)The 24-hour Fox News channel is privately owned by Rupert Murdoch and was introduced in October 1996 to compete with CNN. By June 2000, 17.3 percent of the US population reported watching Fox News regularly (Scarborough Research data). Fox News coverage, however, is unique among the television media. Fox News is significantly to the right of all the other ma instream television networks (ABC, CBS, CNN, and NBC) (Groseclose and Milyo, 2005). However media bias generated by ownership can simply be explained through news consumption, which demands media to provide news caters to different audiences. (Mullainathan and Shleifer 2005, Gabszewicz, Laussel and Sonnac 2001). Empirical evidence to support this notion was adopted by a survey conducted by Pollingpoint based on 73,969 online interviews with U.S. adults aged 18 and older carried out from the 1st of October to the 21st of October 2004. These findings roughly describe the relationship between the viewers and news broadcasting channels, especially in relation to political identity (democrat or republican) and their valuations of TV networks. Nine in ten Republicans stated that FOX News offers the best news coverage among television networks, whereas Democrats seemed to have divided their loyalty among PBS and CNN with nearly 70 % naming one of the two as the best news source. The chart highlighted different preferences for different news, there clearly seems to be a dem and for certain news by different segments of consumers. Therefore media firms provide professed bias to cater to this demand (Mullainathan Shleifer, 2005). Media bias tends to emerge in the form of optimal slanting strategies of news providers because their target audience want certain (albeit different) degree and direction of slant. Thus, the extent of media bias is mainly the result of consumer heterogeneity (dissimilarity). This is intuitive. After all, if there is a need and demand for biased news, privately owned media will have an incentive to satisfy that need. Apart from Mullainathan Shleifer (2005), Gentzkow Shapriro (2004) also argue that media bias may emerge from competing media catering to biased viewers beliefs but in their paper the mechanism is slightly different: viewers consider the news that are consistent with their prior expectations of high quality (Xiang 2005).

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay -- essays research papers

It is true that in all great literature. Clues which later seem obvious are often undetected until the story’s plot is resolved. The reader is unaware of the foreshadowing until the plot comes together. Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and " A Horseman In The Sky" identify literary elements supporting this thought. In Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" two private soldiers of the Federal army were appointed by a sergeant to lynch Peyton Farquhar from a elderly suspended bridge because of his attempt to aid the Confederate forces. He was to be executed for aiding the confederate forces. He knew his death was at his fingertips and couldn’t help ponder its arrival. He looks at the river below observing the depth of the river. Early on in the story Ambrose portrays Peyton, from his perspective, seeing a shallow river. The fact that the river is shallow and will defiantly kill Peyton distracts the reader from the truth behind the mans observation. Peytonseeing the river shallow is foreshadowing the actual depth of the river. In fact the river is so deep that when the rope snaps it seems he falls endlessly in the water. The reader is eagerly awaiting the soon death of Peyton, then suddenly surprised while the river cushions his fall. Several other soldiers were relentlessly targeting the man at ... An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay -- essays research papers It is true that in all great literature. Clues which later seem obvious are often undetected until the story’s plot is resolved. The reader is unaware of the foreshadowing until the plot comes together. Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and " A Horseman In The Sky" identify literary elements supporting this thought. In Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" two private soldiers of the Federal army were appointed by a sergeant to lynch Peyton Farquhar from a elderly suspended bridge because of his attempt to aid the Confederate forces. He was to be executed for aiding the confederate forces. He knew his death was at his fingertips and couldn’t help ponder its arrival. He looks at the river below observing the depth of the river. Early on in the story Ambrose portrays Peyton, from his perspective, seeing a shallow river. The fact that the river is shallow and will defiantly kill Peyton distracts the reader from the truth behind the mans observation. Peytonseeing the river shallow is foreshadowing the actual depth of the river. In fact the river is so deep that when the rope snaps it seems he falls endlessly in the water. The reader is eagerly awaiting the soon death of Peyton, then suddenly surprised while the river cushions his fall. Several other soldiers were relentlessly targeting the man at ...

Top 10 Characteristics of schools that are Multicultural

1. The school curriculum incorporates the contributions of many cultural groups and integrates multiple perspectives throughout it. 2. Teachers and administrators are able to deal with questions of race, inter- group relations, and controversial realities on an objective, frank, and professional basis. 3. Differences in academic achievement levels disappear between males and females, dominant and oppressed group members, and upper-middle-class and low-income students. 4. Instructional materials are free of biases, omissions, and stereotypes. 5. The teachers and administrators show respect for the students' first languages and dialects 6. Cultural differences are treated as differences, rather than as deficiencies that must be addressed in compensatory programs. 7. Students are able to use their own cultural resources and voices to develop new skills and to critically explore subject matter. 8. Students learn to recognize and confront inequities in school and society. 9. The composition of the faculty, administration, and other staff accurately reflects the pluralistic composition of the United States. 10. The faculty, administrators, and other staff see themselves as learners enhanced and changed by understanding, affirming, and reflecting cultural diversity. I feel that theses top ten characteristics are list in the correct order from most important to least important. Even though I do not feel there should be something that is not as important when it comes to this subject. I think that each of all ten is just as important. My first important is the school making sure that they incorporate different kinds of cultural groups into their class room this makes it so that all the student know what their cultural believes are they are all included in the class. I also feel it is important that teachers are able to deal with questions and have an understanding of how to answer the question about the different cultural. Gollnick, D. , & Chinn, P. (2006). Multicultural education in a pluralistic society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall

Education and Method Essay

Submitted By Wamia Akhtar (111011142) Fowzia Morshed (102011133) Rubia Khatun Rubi (113011002) Zannatul Ferdous Bristy (103011202) Nusrat Jahan Jebin (103011156) Research subject: Teaching Method Concept: Learning Process Constructs: * Traditional Classroom teaching * Active Learning Methods * Teaching with Instruments * Teaching Through Tour * Teaching By Creating Pressure Questions: * Traditional Classroom Teaching 1. What system has been followed for traditional teaching? 2. What elements are used in this teaching method? 3. How the traditional teaching has been given? 4. Is it a time sufficient method 5. Can students maintain direct interaction with teacher? 6. Can it make good bonding among the students? 7. How it can be a motivated method for students? 8. Can it create general competitive nature in students? 9. Do you think it pressurize the students to do hard work? 10. Do you think it bring good results for students? 11. Is it interesting or not? 12. Do you think resuming text books are enough? 13. Is it a memorizing based method? 14. Do you find this helpful? 15. Do you feel it is an old system of teaching? 16. Can you relate teaching concepts with real facts? 17. Do you find it challenging? 18. Is it a lengthy process? 19. What kind of preparation you need to take for assuming this method? 20. Do you feel active with this process? * Active Learning Method 1. Do you find group working helpful? 2. Is it a more practical based process of teaching? 3. Can students be involved physically in this process? 4. Is it easy to learn in this way? 5. Are students getting dependent on the course teacher? 6. Do you find this method interesting? 7. Is it an internationally recognized system? 8. Is it helpful for enriching conceptual thoughts? 9. Do you think it creates a distance between you and the books? 10. Is it a stressful method? 11. Do you find it more helpful for making good results? 12. Is it a modern process? 13. Is it saves your time? 14. Can you enjoying the learning through this method? 15. Do you find it easy? 16. Can you reach personally to all technical tools? 17. Do you feel necessity of practicing at home? 18. How you handle this technique of teaching? 19. Is it important for students to be presented all time? 20. Do you find it as short cut? * Teaching With Instruments 1. Are all materials easily findable? 2. Are the materials easy to use for all? 3. How much helpful is the method? 4. Is it a time saving process? 5. Is it a practical based method? 6. Is it a time saving process? 7. In this method of teaching how many times you need to come to the classroom? 8. What kind of role a teacher plays in this method? 9. How often you need to use your text books? 10. Are students enjoying lerning like this? * Learning Under Pressure 1. Do you find teaching with forceful tendency is good? 2. Is it makes you do better result? 3. What kind of difficulties usually you faces? 4. Is it an old form of teaching? 5. How many students can make better result in this method? 6. Do you think teachers work more harder than a student in this method? 7. How much pressure you can handle at a time? 8. Hwo much pressure of study you feel at home? * Learning Through Tour 1. How learning through tour has been worked? 2. How students are participating here? 3. What is the teacher’s role here? 4. Do you find any practical experience by this? 5. Because it is not a classroom based method, how you manage to study by touring? 6. Do you appreciate this system? 7. How students manage their time for this? 8. Is it an internationally recognized system? 9. How many tours you have to join? 10. Is it helpful for making better result?